Intended Use:
SS-31 is intended for research purposes only. Reconstitution with bacteriostatic water (BAC water) is required before use.

Storage:
Store lyophilized powder in a cool, dry place away from light. After reconstitution, keep refrigerated at 2–8°C.

Solubility:
Reconstitute with BAC water. Gently swirl to dissolve—do not shake.

Vial Size:
Lyophilized multi-dose vial (commonly supports up to 3ml reconstitution).

Shelf Life:
Lyophilized: up to 24 months
Reconstituted: recommended use within 4–6 weeks

Handling:
Use sterile techniques to maintain product stability and integrity.

Mitochondrial Function Studies
Research suggests that SS-31 may improve mitochondrial efficiency and energy production in cellular models.

Oxidative Stress Reduction
Studies indicate reduced oxidative damage in cells, supporting long-term cellular health.

Fatigue and Energy Research
Preclinical models have explored its role in improving energy output and reducing fatigue-related markers.

Age-Related Cellular Decline
SS-31 has been studied in models related to aging and mitochondrial dysfunction.

SS-31 works by directly targeting mitochondrial membranes:

• Binds to cardiolipin (mitochondrial membrane lipid)
  → stabilizes mitochondrial structure
• Improves electron transport efficiency
  → increases ATP (energy) production
• Reduces oxidative stress
  → protects cells from damage

Overall Effect:
→ Cellular energy optimization
→ Mitochondrial repair and protection